Stability still elusive as Egypt’s Sisi poised for second term

CAIRO — The attack by Daesh came as Egypt's defence and interior ministers walked towards a helicopter waiting to fly them out of the Sinai peninsula last December. Five army and police sources told Reuters that the militants fired a laser-guided missile at the aircraft, destroying it.

The ministers survived Al Arish airbase attack, whose sophistication and boldness served as a reminder that President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, expected to easily win a reelection this month, is still engaged in a major military campaign to deliver the security he has promised to Egyptians.

Even with widespread public support, Sisi's security forces have yet to quash a stubborn insurgency in Sinai, an area that Daesh is using as a base in its campaign to install an “Islamic caliphate” in Egypt. The United Nations singled out Daesh in Egypt in a January report from its secretary general, expressing concern over the branch's "resilience".

The military mentioned the attack in a brief statement the day that it happened, but did not give details. A military spokesman, who also speaks on behalf of the defence ministry, later declined further comment on the attack. The interior mjinistry did not respond to telephone calls or reply to questions on Whatsapp about the helicopter attack.

The military previously has said that it has killed more than 1,800 extremists in the area since late 2014, according to a Reuters review of its public statements over the period.

Last month, the army launched a highly publicised offensive, and says it has killed scores of suspected fighters and detained hundreds more in Sinai, the main stronghold of Daesh after their defeat in Libya, Iraq and Syria.

The military says the new campaign features unprecedented coordination between the army, navy and air force in Sinai, and that these tactics should help it clear the peninsula of militants.

Sisi's supporters argue that the security situation now, although not completely secure, is better and more predictable than the unrest that rocked Egypt for years after the Arab Spring uprising of 2011. Sisi's office did not respond to requests for comment about the security situation.

But years of military action in the Sinai have not stopped the launching of attacks intended to destabilise the government and stir up unrest. In the past four months, they have carried out two spectacular assaults there — on the airbase on December 19, and at a mosque on November 24, killing more than 300 people.

In the helicopter operation, military and police sources say extremists commandeered a house on the edge of the airbase on the day of the attack and used a Russian-made Kornet missile, a much more advanced weapon than the rifles, suicide vests and mines the militants mostly use.

It was a rare and close targeting of senior government officials, and the attack alarmed Egypt's security establishment, several foreign diplomats said.

The attack came three weeks after Sisi ordered his generals to use "brute force" against extremists.

Egypt's military is using warplanes, tanks and troops that have battled extremists in the Sinai for years.

Some diplomats and analysts say the army must adopt more effective counterinsurgency tactics and avoid alienating residents with the more destructive methods of air raids, curfews and buffer zones that have razed populated areas and radicalised residents.

"We're seeing the exact same military operation [as before] — aerial and ground force bombardment, mobilisation of heavy armoured vehicles on the ground," said Mohannad Sabry, an Egyptian author and researcher on security in Sinai.

A Western diplomat said Egyptian authorities have been focusing their military strategy on conventional warfare by using heavy weapons rather than adopting more targeted, intelligence-led tactics to eradicate extremism.

Military spokesman Colonel Tamer Al Rifai told Reuters that security forces were closing in on militants and blocking off their supply and escape routes.

"While one part [of the military] is searching houses, another is raiding terrorist hideouts in populated or unpopulated areas ... the operation won't end" until militants are rooted out, Rifai said.

He said in a recent televised message that civilians would be financially compensated for material damage resulting from fighting, and that there were hundreds of development projects taking place in Sinai, without elaborating.

More than a dozen soldiers have died in the operation, the army says, adding to hundreds in recent years. Daesh says via its online media outlets it has killed dozens of soldiers in the last month, including through the extensive use of roadside bombs.

Daesh filmed the air base attack in a video released online, showing a guided missile destroying a stationary helicopter. Reuters could not independently verify the video's authenticity.

Farmer Mohammed Sweilam told Reuters that Daesh took over his house near the base on the day of the attack. Five army and police sources say that is where the militants launched the missile from.

"A car with armed men wearing balaclavas and some in military fatigues pulled up. At first I thought they were police," Sweilam, 36, said.

"They blindfolded me, drove me somewhere for several hours, then took me back. I did not know what had happened until the next day when police came to search the house and question me [about the attack]."

After the attack, North Sinai Governor Abdel Fattah Harhour announced a plan to create a secure perimeter extending west and east of the airport.